the Internet is a global communications network linking computers around the world. It was created in 1969 as ARPANet (Advanced Research Projects Agency) for the U.S. Department of Defense. The network was designed to break information into separate packets and send the packets over various routes from computer to computer, rerouting the information as necessary to circumvent the breakdown or failure of parts of the system.
A graduate of Oxford University, England, Tim Berners-Lee, in 1989, a scientist at CERN, the European Particle Physics Laboratory, had suggested a way to let all users, but particularly scientists, browse each others’ papers on the Internet. He developed a code known as Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and a protocol known as Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) that could be implemented on any computer. He also developed a Universal Resource Locator (URL) system for naming, locating and retrieving documents, pictures, and other media over the Internet. Using the URL system, a user could retrieve data from newsgroups, FTP sites, and Gopher pages, as well as other types of sites. And the beauty of HTML was that it also contained the instructions for formatting the information on a page, no matter what computer the user happened to be running.
In 1991, Berners-Lee, using the system he had developed, launched the World Wide Web Berners-Lee made his idea available freely, with no patent and no royalties due. He decided that their standards must be based on royalty-free technology, so they can be easily adopted and innovated by anyone. He gave it to the public domain, upon creation.
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